供应链管理中的系统科学思想

供应链是一个由供应商、制造商、零售商等组成的经济系统。系统科学理论是供应链管理中的重要思想方法。供应链系统具有整体涌现性、稳定性、动态性、开放性、自适应性等,结合已有的供应链管理理论可以解释供应链的这些特点。而供应链的动态性包括有序变动和结构变动。在企业运营活动中,需要针对供应链系统的这些属性,分别采取相应的管理策略,如：供应链整合、供应链结构、供应链中的信息传递和共享以及供应链机制设计。     

Environmental versus Human-Induced Scarcity in the Commons: Do They Trigger the Same Response?

We study appropriation strategies in common pool resources where extinction is a credible threat. Here we present an experimental study of the appropriation of common pool resources in a dynamic setting where resource availability depends on the initial environmental characteristics of the common resource and on human-induced resource depletion due to users’ appropriation patterns. Our results show that initial resource scarcity limits appropriation by inducing an initial caution among users that persists throughout of the game. Additionally, we find that subjects restrain their appropriation strategies when scarcity increases. However, this concern for resource scarcity is not enough to prevent resource depletion. Agents do not counteract the previous rounds’ appropriation strategies but follow the appropriation trend. High appropriation levels are followed by higher appropriation strategies, thus promoting the well known tragedy of the commons. Often concern for resource preservation is not great enough to limit appropriation.      

中国环境关税体系建立的初步构想

环境关税体现了关税的环境保护职能,而且完全符合WTO的原则。目前,美国和OECD成员国等都已成功实施了环境关税措施。然而,中国还没有将环境保护作为一种指导思想贯穿到整个关税制度改革中。本文在简要介绍国外环境关税的实施现状和分析中国建立环境关税体系必要性的基础上,借鉴国外的成功经验,并结合中国的实际情况,提出了建立中国环境关税体系的初步构想。     

论可持续发展的设计伦理之道

随着经济的发展和社会的进步,设计对人类生活所产生的作用越来越难以估量.在给人们提供便捷、舒适生活的同时,设计也不可避免地出现了一些问题,如片面强调刺激消费,漠视受众情感和忽视社会责任等等.面对形形色色的设计问题,设计师应当及时审视自己的设计行为,对自己的设计进行多维度思考并做出力所能及的校正.提出塑造可持续发展设计观的内涵,同时重点考虑关注可持续发展的设计伦理,使设计符合可持续发展战略要求并'能产生积极的影响.     

Towards collaborative, intermodal hub networks: A case study in the fast moving consumer goods market

Collaborative hub networks can provide an answer to the need to decrease logistics cost and maintain logistics service levels by shifting consolidated flows to modes that are better suited for handling large volumes (rail, barge, coastal shipping), so economies of scale can be obtained. This necessity has been increased by the tendency of globalization of industries, smaller shipments sizes, high frequencies, and the fragmentation of flows. Through collaboration the necessary synchronization between expensive but fast and flexible means of transport and inexpensive, but slow and inflexible means can be combined in an intermodal hub network. This paper shows the rationale behind these collaborative hub networks, based on the literature on the design of many-to-many hub networks. The resulting methodology is explained through presenting the results of the design and implementation of collaborative hub network for the distribution of fast moving consumer goods using a combination of trucking and inland barges. This concept, first proposed by Vermunt [Vermunt, A.J.M., 1999. Multilognet, the intelligent multimodal logistics network, an important node in the worldwide logistics net, Vermunt Logistiek Advies v.o.f., working paper (in Dutch)], won the European Intermodal Award of the European Intermodal Association in 2003, and after extensive research was launched in The Netherlands as a commercial pilot by logistics service provider Vos Logistics and barge operator Riverhopper in January 2004.     

Creating compassion: How volunteering websites encourage prosocial behaviour

Organisations increasingly use websites to promote prosocial behaviour such as volunteering, philanthropy, and activism. However, these websites often fail to encourage prosocial behaviours effectively. To address the lack of relevant research, we develop, then refine, a design model that identifies the user experience factors that create intention to engage in prosocial behaviour on websites. We test an initial model developed from the literature, by interviewing forty participants, each of whom visited and compared six volunteering websites. Our analysis of the participants' user experience reveals eighteen elements that interplay to create intention to engage in prosocial behaviour. Our refined design model comprises ten website features (interaction, factual, anecdata, external recognition, organisational expression, value suggestion, explanatory content, visual media, written media and, website design), seven perceptions (ease of use, aesthetics, information quality, trust, negative affect, positive affect, and argument strength), and one motivation (egoism). These findings provide novel insights into how to design Information and Communications Technology (ICT) to encourage prosocial behaviour.     

满山香提取工艺的研究

文章采用正交试验设计方法,选择药材的破碎度、乙醇倍数、乙醇浓度和渗漉速度4个因素,每个因素选3个水平对满山香渗漉提取工艺进行最佳工艺条件的研究。实验结果表明,满山香细粉的颗粒直径为1～2mm、乙醇量为药材量的6倍、乙醇浓度为60%、渗漉速度4～5ml/min为最佳提取工艺参数。该工艺方法对满山香的提取及开发应用具有一定的指导意义。     

信息不对称下的逆向供应链激励契约设计

文章运用委托一代理理论,研究了一个包含单一供应商和单一零售商的逆向供应链系统,讨论了逆向选择下此系统中零售商的激励扭曲问题,并求出了该情形下供应商用于协调逆向供应链的最优契约。     

左江山秀水电站工程船闸上闸首防洪检修闸门设计

船闸上闸首防洪检修闸门的主要作用是保证闸室的正常检修和汛期挡洪,文章主要介绍山秀水电站工程船闸上闸首防洪检修闸门门叶结构及其零部件设计,供类似工程参考。     

网页设计中的色彩探析

文章从色彩的基本知识以及色彩搭配的原理两个方面,分析网页设计中的色彩搭配最佳视觉效果。